Plant Details

Accepted name:: Panax ginseng C.A.Mey. [Araliaceae]
Source:: World Checklist ( High Taxonomic Confidence )
More about this plant:: Plants of the World Online

Non-scientific name:	Class of name:	Medicinal source:
asian ginseng	Other	Commonly Traded CITES-Listed Spp. in Primer (AHPA, 2013) GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Herbal Meds., 3rd edn. (Barnes et al., 2007) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016) U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 32 (2008) U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 37 (2013) U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 39 (2016) U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 43 (2020)
asian ginseng root	Other	Geographical Indications for Med. Pl. (Brinckmann, 2015)
asiatic ginseng	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
chinese ginseng	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Herbal Meds., 3rd edn. (Barnes et al., 2007) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
chosen ninjin	Other	WHO Monog. on Med. Pl. in New. Ind. States (2010) WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
dkar po chig thub	Other	Materia Med. in Sowa Rigpa (Wangyal et al., 2020)
extractum ginseng	Other	WHODrug Herbal Substances, Suppl. 2023 (WHO-UMC, 2023)
fine root ginseng	Other	Korean Herbal Pharmacopoeia (2002)
folium ginseng	Pharmaceutical	Pharmacopoeia of China (2005)
fushun forest ginseng	Other	Geographical Indications for Med. Pl. (Brinckmann, 2015)
garden ginseng	Other	Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018)
gherq ta' l-ġinseng	Other	EMA Com. Monog.: Panax ginseng, rad. (2012)
ginseng	Other	British Pharmacopoeia 2009, Vol. 4 (2008) British Pharmacopoeia 2012, Vol. 4 (2011) British Pharmacopoeia 2015, Vol. 4 (2014) Demand & Supply of Med. Pl. in India (Ved et al., 2008) EMA Com. Monog.: Panax ginseng, rad. (2012) Ethnomedica (RBG, Kew, 2020) European Pharmacopoeia, 6th edn. (2007) European Pharmacopoeia, 7th edn. (2012) GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Illus. Chinese Materia Medica (Wu, 2005) Japanese Pharmacopoeia, 15th edn. (2006) Japanese Pharmacopoeia, 16th edn. (2012) Japanese Pharmacopoeia, 17th edn. (incl. Suppl. I and II) (2016-2019) Korean Pharmacopoeia, 10th edn. (MFDS, 2012) Korean Pharmacopoeia, 9th edn. (2007) Med. Fitoterápicos no Brasil (Carvalho et al., 2008) Med. Pl. in China (WHO, 1997) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004) Pharmacopoeia of China (2005) Pharmacopoeia of China (2010) Pl. Méd. de la Pharmacopée: Liste A (2000) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018) Tea and Herbal Infusions Europe Pl. Inventory (THIE, 2021) WHO Monog. on Med. Pl. in New. Ind. States (2010) WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
ginseng (racine de)	Other	EMA Com. Monog.: Panax ginseng, rad. (2012)
ginseng extract	Other	WHODrug Herbal Substances, Suppl. 2023 (WHO-UMC, 2023)
ginseng folium	Pharmaceutical	Pharmacopoeia of China (2010) Pharmacopoeia of China (2015)
ginseng leaf	Other	Pharmacopoeia of China (2005) Pharmacopoeia of China (2010)
ginseng oriental	Other	Annexo III: Veg. Drugs in Registry of Meds, Argentina (2009)
ginseng oriental, raíz	Other	Farmacopea Argentina, 8th edn. (2012)
ginseng radice	Other	EMA Com. Monog.: Panax ginseng, rad. (2012)
ginseng radix	Pharmaceutical	E-Kommission: Approved Status (1984-1994) EMA Com. Monog.: Panax ginseng, rad. (2012) European Pharmacopoeia, 6th edn. (2007) European Pharmacopoeia, 7th edn. (2012) Japanese Pharmacopoeia, 15th edn. (2006) Japanese Pharmacopoeia, 16th edn. (2012) Japanese Pharmacopoeia, 17th edn. (incl. Suppl. I and II) (2016-2019) Korean Pharmacopoeia, 10th edn. (MFDS, 2012) Korean Pharmacopoeia, 9th edn. (2007) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
ginseng radix et rhizoma	Pharmaceutical	Pharmacopoeia of China (2010) Pharmacopoeia of China (2015) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018)
ginseng radix et rhizoma rubra	Pharmaceutical	Pharmacopoeia of China (2010) Pharmacopoeia of China (2015)
ginseng radix palva	Pharmaceutical	Korean Herbal Pharmacopoeia (2002)
ginseng radix pulverata	Pharmaceutical	Japanese Pharmacopoeia, 15th edn. (2006) Japanese Pharmacopoeia, 16th edn. (2012)
ginseng radix rubra	Pharmaceutical	Japanese Pharmacopoeia, 15th edn. (2006) Japanese Pharmacopoeia, 16th edn. (2012) Korean Pharmacopoeia, 9th edn. (2007)
ginseng root	Other	EMA Com. Monog.: Panax ginseng, rad. (2012)
ginseng, juuri	Other	EMA Com. Monog.: Panax ginseng, rad. (2012)
ginseng, panax	Other	Herbal Meds., 3rd edn. (Barnes et al., 2007)
ginseng, raíz	Other	Farmacopea Herbolaria Mexicanos (2013) Farmacopea Herbolaria Mexico (2001)
ginseng, raíz de	Other	EMA Com. Monog.: Panax ginseng, rad. (2012)
ginsengov korijen	Other	EMA Com. Monog.: Panax ginseng, rad. (2012)
ginsengrod	Other	EMA Com. Monog.: Panax ginseng, rad. (2012)
ginsengrot	Other	EMA Com. Monog.: Panax ginseng, rad. (2012)
ginsengwurzel	Other	E-Kommission: Approved Status (1984-1994) EMA Com. Monog.: Panax ginseng, rad. (2012) WHO Monog. on Med. Pl. in New. Ind. States (2010) WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
ginzenggyökér	Other	EMA Com. Monog.: Panax ginseng, rad. (2012)
hakusan	Other	WHO Monog. on Med. Pl. in New. Ind. States (2010) WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
hakushan	Other	WHO Monog. on Med. Pl. in New. Ind. States (2010) WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
higeninjin	Other	WHO Monog. on Med. Pl. in New. Ind. States (2010) WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
hong shen	Other	U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016) U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 39 (2016)
hongshen	Other	Pharmacopoeia of China (2005) Pharmacopoeia of China (2010) Pharmacopoeia of China (2015) WHO Monog. on Med. Pl. in New. Ind. States (2010) WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
hungseng	Other	WHO Monog. on Med. Pl. in New. Ind. States (2010) WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
hungshen	Other	WHO Monog. on Med. Pl. in New. Ind. States (2010) WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
hunseng	Other	WHO Monog. on Med. Pl. in New. Ind. States (2010) WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
insam	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
jenseng	Other	WHO Monog. on Med. Pl. in New. Ind. States (2010) WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
jenshen	Other	WHO Monog. on Med. Pl. in New. Ind. States (2010) WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
jin sing	Other	Med. Pl. in Markets of Mashhad, Iran (Amiri & Joharchi, 2013)
jinpi	Other	WHO Monog. on Med. Pl. in New. Ind. States (2010) WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
jinsão	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
kao-li-seng	Other	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
kao-liseng	Other	WHO Monog. on Med. Pl. in New. Ind. States (2010)
kar po chik tup	Other	Materia Med. in Sowa Rigpa (Wangyal et al., 2020)
korean ginseng	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Herbal Meds., 3rd edn. (Barnes et al., 2007) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016) WHO Monog. on Med. Pl. in New. Ind. States (2010) WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999) WHODrug Herbal Substances (WHO-UMC, 2019)
koreanischer ginseng	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
korenina pravega ženšena (ginsenga)	Other	EMA Com. Monog.: Panax ginseng, rad. (2012)
korzeń żeń-szenia	Other	EMA Com. Monog.: Panax ginseng, rad. (2012)
man	Other	U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
manchurian ginseng	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
minjin	Other	WHO Monog. on Med. Pl. in New. Ind. States (2010) WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
nhan sam	Other	WHO Monog. on Med. Pl. in New. Ind. States (2010) WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
ninjin	Other	U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016) WHO Monog. on Med. Pl. in New. Ind. States (2010) WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
ninzin	Other	WHO Monog. on Med. Pl. in New. Ind. States (2010) WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
niuhuan	Other	WHO Monog. on Med. Pl. in New. Ind. States (2010) WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
oriental ginseng	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Herbal Meds., 3rd edn. (Barnes et al., 2007) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) WHO Monog. on Med. Pl. in New. Ind. States (2010) WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
otane ninjin	Other	WHO Monog. on Med. Pl. in New. Ind. States (2010) WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
panax ginseng steamed root and rhizome	Other	U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 39 (2016)
powdered ginseng	Other	Japanese Pharmacopoeia, 15th edn. (2006) Japanese Pharmacopoeia, 16th edn. (2012)
radices ginseng	Pharmaceutical	Med. Pl. of the Russian Pharm. (Shikov, 2014)
radix et rhizoma ginseng	Pharmaceutical	Pharmacopoeia of China (2005)
radix et rhizoma ginseng rubra	Pharmaceutical	Pharmacopoeia of China (2005)
radix ginseng	Pharmaceutical	Hong Kong Chinese Materia Med. Standards (2014) Illus. Chinese Materia Medica (Wu, 2005) WHO Monog. on Med. Pl. in New. Ind. States (2010) WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
red asian ginseng	Other	U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 39 (2016)
red ginseng	Other	British Pharmacopoeia 2015, Vol. 4 (2014) Japanese Pharmacopoeia, 15th edn. (2006) Japanese Pharmacopoeia, 16th edn. (2012) Korean Pharmacopoeia, 9th edn. (2007) Pharmacopoeia of China (2005) Pharmacopoeia of China (2010)
ren seng	Other	U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
ren shen	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Herbal Meds., 3rd edn. (Barnes et al., 2007) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Illus. Chinese Materia Medica (Wu, 2005) TCM Plants for Syst. Bio. Evaluation (Eisenberg et al., 2011) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
renshen	Other	Geographical Indications for Med. Pl. (Brinckmann, 2015) Hong Kong Chinese Materia Med. Standards (2014) Pharmacopoeia of China (2005) Pharmacopoeia of China (2010) Pharmacopoeia of China (2015) Trad. Med. in Dali Prefecture, SW China (Zhang et al., 2014) WHO Monog. on Med. Pl. in New. Ind. States (2010) WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
renshenye	Other	Pharmacopoeia of China (2005) Pharmacopoeia of China (2010) Pharmacopoeia of China (2015)
rénshēn	Other	Med. Pl. in China (WHO, 1997)
rød ginseng	Other	U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 39 (2016)
rădăcină de ginseng	Other	EMA Com. Monog.: Panax ginseng, rad. (2012)
san-pi	Other	WHO Monog. on Med. Pl. in New. Ind. States (2010)
san-pishanshen	Other	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
sang	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
sansam	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
shan shen	Other	Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018)
shanshen	Other	WHO Monog. on Med. Pl. in New. Ind. States (2010)
sheng-sai-seng	Other	WHO Monog. on Med. Pl. in New. Ind. States (2010) WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
shengshaishen	Other	WHO Monog. on Med. Pl. in New. Ind. States (2010) WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
shenshaishanshen	Other	WHO Monog. on Med. Pl. in New. Ind. States (2010) WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
sâm cát lâm	Other	Pl. in Trad. Med. Systems in Viet Nam (Ngoc Van & Tap, 2008)
true ginseng	Other	U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
tyosenninzin	Other	WHO Monog. on Med. Pl. in New. Ind. States (2010) WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
t’ang-seng	Other	WHO Monog. on Med. Pl. in New. Ind. States (2010) WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
všehojový kořen	Other	EMA Com. Monog.: Panax ginseng, rad. (2012)
white ginseng	Other	British Pharmacopoeia 2015, Vol. 4 (2014)
wild ginseng	Other	Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018)
yakuyo ninjin	Other	WHO Monog. on Med. Pl. in New. Ind. States (2010) WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
yakuyo ninzin	Other	WHO Monog. on Med. Pl. in New. Ind. States (2010) WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
yeh-shan-seng	Other	WHO Monog. on Med. Pl. in New. Ind. States (2010)
yehshan-seng	Other	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
yuan shen	Other	Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018)
yuan-seng	Other	WHO Monog. on Med. Pl. in New. Ind. States (2010) WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
yuanshen	Other	WHO Monog. on Med. Pl. in New. Ind. States (2010) WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
ženšenių šaknys	Other	EMA Com. Monog.: Panax ginseng, rad. (2012)
ženšennijuur	Other	EMA Com. Monog.: Panax ginseng, rad. (2012)
ženšenový koreň	Other	EMA Com. Monog.: Panax ginseng, rad. (2012)
žeņšeņa saknes	Other	EMA Com. Monog.: Panax ginseng, rad. (2012)
γίνσεγκ πάναξ	Other	EMA Com. Monog.: Panax ginseng, rad. (2012)
жен-шен, корен	Other	EMA Com. Monog.: Panax ginseng, rad. (2012)
དཀར་པོ་ཆིག་ཐུབ།	Other	Materia Med. in Sowa Rigpa (Wangyal et al., 2020)
コウジン	Other	Japanese Pharmacopoeia, 16th edn. (2012)
ニンジン	Other	Japanese Pharmacopoeia, 16th edn. (2012) Japanese Pharmacopoeia, 17th edn. (incl. Suppl. I and II) (2016-2019)
ニンジン末	Other	Japanese Pharmacopoeia, 16th edn. (2012)
人参	Other	Geographical Indications for Med. Pl. (Brinckmann, 2015) Med. Pl. in China (WHO, 1997) Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) TCM Plants for Syst. Bio. Evaluation (Eisenberg et al., 2011) Trad. Med. in Dali Prefecture, SW China (Zhang et al., 2014)
人参叶	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
人参子	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
人参芦	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
人参花	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
人參	Other	Hong Kong Chinese Materia Med. Standards (2014) Med. Pl. in China (WHO, 1997) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018)
参条	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
参须	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
園參	Other	Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018)
抚顺林下参	Other	Geographical Indications for Med. Pl. (Brinckmann, 2015)
紅参	Other	U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 39 (2016)
红参	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 39 (2016)
野山參	Other	Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018)
홍삼	Other	U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 39 (2016)

Part(s) of plant used:	Drug form:	Medicinal source:
root	dried root	Pharmacopoeia of China (2010)
root		British Pharmacopoeia 2015, Vol. 4 (2014)
root		Pl. Méd. de la Pharmacopée: Liste A (2000)
radix		EMA Com. Monog.: Panax ginseng, rad. (2012)
root	root	Illus. Chinese Materia Medica (Wu, 2005)
Raíces	Raices desecadas	Annexo III: Veg. Drugs in Registry of Meds, Argentina (2009)
root	dried roots	U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 39 (2016)
Root	Peeled and sun-dried (White ginseng) or unpeeled, steamed and dried (red ginseng)	Herbal Meds., 3rd edn. (Barnes et al., 2007)
Radix & Rhizome		Trad. Med. in Dali Prefecture, SW China (Zhang et al., 2014)
Dry leaf with stem	Total Ginsenoside extract	WHODrug Herbal Substances (WHO-UMC, 2019)
root and rhizome	dried root and rhizome	Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018)
root		Geographical Indications for Med. Pl. (Brinckmann, 2015)
root		Med. Pl. in Markets of Mashhad, Iran (Amiri & Joharchi, 2013)
	extract	WHODrug Herbal Substances, Suppl. 2023 (WHO-UMC, 2023)
roots		U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 43 (2020)
root		Japanese Pharmacopoeia, 17th edn. (incl. Suppl. I and II) (2016-2019)
root	dried root	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
root		Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000)
root		Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
Roots		Med. Pl. in China (WHO, 1997)
Root		Pl. in Trad. Med. Systems in Viet Nam (Ngoc Van & Tap, 2008)
leaf	dried leaf	Pharmacopoeia of China (2005)
root	whole or cut dried root	British Pharmacopoeia 2009, Vol. 4 (2008)
root	dried root	U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 32 (2008)
root	whole or cut dried root	European Pharmacopoeia, 6th edn. (2007)
root	root, rootlets removed	Japanese Pharmacopoeia, 15th edn. (2006)
root		Korean Herbal Pharmacopoeia (2002)
root	dried root	Farmacopea Herbolaria Mexico (2001)
Root		Demand & Supply of Med. Pl. in India (Ved et al., 2008)
root		Korean Pharmacopoeia, 9th edn. (2007)
root		Japanese Pharmacopoeia, 16th edn. (2012)
roots	dried root	WHO Monog. on Med. Pl. in New. Ind. States (2010)
root	Whole or cut dried root, designated white ginseng; treated with steam and then dried, designated red ginseng	European Pharmacopoeia, 7th edn. (2012)
root	dried roots	U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 37 (2013)
root		Hong Kong Chinese Materia Med. Standards (2014)
root	dried roots	Farmacopea Argentina, 8th edn. (2012)
raíz seca		Farmacopea Herbolaria Mexicanos (2013)
root		Korean Pharmacopoeia, 10th edn. (MFDS, 2012)

Kew's taxonomic resources include 5 scientific synonym(s) for this plant:

Aralia ginseng (C.A.Mey.) Baill. Hist. Pl. 7: 197 (1879).
Aralia quinquefolia var. ginseng (C.A.Mey.) Anon. Official Guide Mus. Econ. Bot. Kew, ed. 2, 1: 87 (1886).
Panax quinquefolius var. ginseng (C.A.Mey.) Regel & Maack Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 4(4): 72 (1861).
Panax schin-seng var. coraiensis T.Nees Pl. Med., Suppl. 1: 70 (1833).
Panax verus Oken Allg. Naturgesch. 3(1): 3 (1841).

This plant is cited in medicinal sources using the following names:

Name as published:	Medicinal source:
Panax Ginseng C.A.Meyer	E-Kommission: Approved Status (1984-1994)
Panax ginseng	Commonly Traded CITES-Listed Spp. in Primer (AHPA, 2013) Ethnomedica (RBG, Kew, 2020) Impact of Cult. of Med. Pl. on Biodiversity (Schippmann et al., 2002) Med. Fitoterápicos no Brasil (Carvalho et al., 2008) Med. Pl., Consv. & Livelihoods (Hamilton, 2004) Substances in Meds., Australia (TGA, 2007) Trad. Med. in Dali Prefecture, SW China (Zhang et al., 2014)
Panax ginseng C. A. Mey.	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Hong Kong Chinese Materia Med. Standards (2014) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004) Pharmacopoeia of China (2005) Pharmacopoeia of China (2010) Pharmacopoeia of China (2015) Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) TCM Plants for Syst. Bio. Evaluation (Eisenberg et al., 2011) Tea and Herbal Infusions Europe Pl. Inventory (THIE, 2021)
Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer	Annexo III: Veg. Drugs in Registry of Meds, Argentina (2009) British Pharmacopoeia 2012, Vol. 4 (2011) British Pharmacopoeia 2015, Vol. 4 (2014) European Pharmacopoeia, 6th edn. (2007) European Pharmacopoeia, 7th edn. (2012) Illus. Chinese Materia Medica (Wu, 2005) Japanese Pharmacopoeia, 16th edn. (2012) Korean Pharmacopoeia, 9th edn. (2007)
Panax ginseng C. Meyer	U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
Panax ginseng C.A. Mey.	Farmacopea Herbolaria Mexicanos (2013) GAP Prod. of TCM Herbs in China (Zhang et al., 2010) Med. Pl. in China (WHO, 1997) U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 37 (2013) U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 39 (2016) WHODrug Herbal Substances (WHO-UMC, 2019) WHODrug Herbal Substances, Suppl. 2023 (WHO-UMC, 2023)
Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer	Farmacopea Argentina, 8th edn. (2012) Geographical Indications for Med. Pl. (Brinckmann, 2015) Pl. Méd. de Douala, Cameroun (Dibong et al., 2011) WHO Monog. on Med. Pl. in New. Ind. States (2010) WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999) World Dictionary of Med. & Pois. Pl. (Quattrocchi, 2012)
Panax ginseng C.A.Mey	SOTWP 2016: Kew Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2015)
Panax ginseng C.A.Mey.	Demand & Supply of Med. Pl. in India (Ved et al., 2008) Demand & Supply of Med. Pl. in India (Ved et al., 2017) Farmacopea Herbolaria Mexico (2001) Hagers Handbuch (Hänsel et al., 1992-1998) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Materia Med. in Sowa Rigpa (Wangyal et al., 2020) Med. Pl. in Markets of Mashhad, Iran (Amiri & Joharchi, 2013) SOTWP 2016: Kew Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2015) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018) U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 39 (2016) U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 43 (2020) World Checklist of Useful Pl. Spp. (Diazgranados et al., 2020) Zhonghua Bencao: Materia Medica of China (1998)
Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer	British Pharmacopoeia 2009, Vol. 4 (2008) EMA Com. Monog.: Panax ginseng, rad. (2012) Japanese Pharmacopoeia, 15th edn. (2006) Japanese Pharmacopoeia, 17th edn. (incl. Suppl. I and II) (2016-2019) Korean Herbal Pharmacopoeia (2002) Korean Pharmacopoeia, 10th edn. (MFDS, 2012) Pl. Med. Totius Mundi (Penso & Proserpio, 1997) Pl. in Trad. Med. Systems in Viet Nam (Ngoc Van & Tap, 2008) U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 32 (2008)
Panax ginseng Meyer	Herbal Meds., 3rd edn. (Barnes et al., 2007) Pl. Méd. de la Pharmacopée: Liste A (2000)
Panax ginseng С. А. Меу.	Med. Pl. of the Russian Pharm. (Shikov, 2014)
Panaxginseng C. A. Mey.	Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)

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